Authors Guideline

Grammar Check Check grammar, spelling, clarity, and language accuracy. GRAMMAR CHECK

Plagiarism Check Check text similarity and maintain academic integrity. TURNITIN

Reference Manager Manage references and citations consistently. MENDELEY

Reference Manager Organize, cite, and manage academic references. ZOTERO

Manuscripts submitted for publication in FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching should be based on the results of recent research using either quantitative or qualitative approaches. The research may involve learners from early childhood education through higher education, including formal, informal, and non-formal educational settings.

Language	English
Recommended Length	4,000–8,000 words, including title, abstract, and references
Font	Cambria, 12 pt
Line Spacing	Single spacing
Layout	Single column
File Format	.doc, .docx, or .rtf
PDF Submission	PDF files should not be submitted as the manuscript file.

Research articles should generally contain the following main sections:

01	Introduction	Research background, problem, research gap, objectives, and novelty.
02	Methods	Research design, subjects, data collection, instruments, procedures, and analysis.
03	Results and Discussion	Research findings, analysis, interpretation, and comparison with previous studies.
04	Conclusion	Conclusions, limitations, implications, and recommendations.

The abstract should provide a concise description of the research problem, research objectives, methods, and major findings. It must accurately reflect the content of the article and focus primarily on the research results. The abstract should be written in one paragraph in English and should not exceed 200 words.

The introduction should clearly explain the research problem, context, objectives, research gap, and novelty. Authors are encouraged to organize the introduction into four logical parts:

1. Research Problem. Explain the practical or theoretical problem that provides the basis for the study.
2. State of the Art. Present recent studies relevant to the research topic in order to establish the current state of knowledge and identify limitations in previous research.
3. Research Gap. Clearly identify the gap between existing studies and the empirical or theoretical focus of the current research.
4. Research Questions, Objectives, and Novelty. State the research questions and objectives based on the identified gap, and clearly explain the novelty or contribution of the study.

The Methods section should explain clearly and concisely how the study was conducted. It should provide sufficient information for readers to understand the research process and, where appropriate, replicate the study.

Authors should use descriptive paragraphs rather than presenting the method primarily as a list of formulas or tables. Well-established statistical formulas do not need to be reproduced unless necessary. The Methods section should be concise, clear, and sufficiently detailed for methodological transparency. As a general guideline, the section should constitute no more than 10% of the article for qualitative research or 15% for quantitative research.

The Results section is the central part of the article in which authors present the findings of the research. Findings should be presented clearly, concisely, and in a logical sequence based on the research questions or objectives. The results should emerge from a systematic and accurate process of data analysis.

For English-language manuscripts, use commas to separate thousands (e.g., 1,200,300) and a period for decimal values with two digits where appropriate (e.g., 12.34). For values below 1, the leading zero may be omitted where consistent with the journal's statistical style (e.g., .12).

Mathematical symbols and statistical notation should follow accepted academic conventions. For example: r = .456; p = .008; t(52) = 1.234; and F(1, 34) = 4.567.

Statistical hypothesis testing should, where appropriate, be accompanied by effect-size measures, such as Cohen's d for a t-test, partial eta squared for an F-test, or appropriate post-hoc analyses.

For qualitative research, interview data, observations, documents, and other qualitative materials should be condensed or summarized into meaningful findings. Relevant findings may be presented in descriptive tables to improve readability. Selected excerpts may be presented in the Discussion section as authentic evidence supporting the interpretation of the research questions.

The Discussion section is a major component of the research article and should interpret the findings in relation to the research questions, theoretical framework, and previous studies. The discussion should be presented narratively and should move beyond simply repeating the results.

References cited in the body of the article should follow the journal's author–date citation style. Examples include:

One Author	(Ilham, 2018)
Two Authors	(Ilham & Firman, 2017)
Three or More Authors	(Ilham et al., 2018)
Author in Narrative	Ilham and Efendi (2017)
Direct Quotation	(Nurgiyantoro & Efendi, 2017, p. 144)
Multiple Sources	(Firman, 2012; Ilham, 2012; Iksan et al., 2018)
Same Author and Year	(Syihab, 2012a) and (Syihab, 2012b)

Direct quotations should be used sparingly. Quotations of fewer than 40 words may be incorporated into the paragraph using quotation marks. Longer quotations should be presented as a separate block quotation, indented from the left margin, without quotation marks, and accompanied by the appropriate author, year, and page information.

The Conclusion should critically and logically summarize the main findings of the research. Authors should avoid unsupported generalizations and should clearly state the limitations of the study. The conclusion should explain how the findings contribute to the development of scientific knowledge.

Recommendations should address relevant implications for practice, policy, or future research and should be directly connected to the findings and limitations of the study.

Authors should acknowledge individuals, institutions, organizations, or funding bodies that made a meaningful contribution to the research. This may include financial support, research facilities, technical assistance, intellectual contributions, or substantial suggestions that improved the manuscript. If the article has previously been presented at a seminar or conference, this information may also be stated in this section.

Reference entries should be arranged in alphabetical order, and every source cited in the manuscript must appear in the reference list. Authors are strongly encouraged to prioritize relevant and recent peer-reviewed journal articles over books or conference proceedings where appropriate.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all references are accurate, complete, and traceable to their original sources. Journal references should include the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) whenever available. Bibliographic information should be checked carefully before submission.