Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the TBI Millennial English Club in supporting students’ speaking skill development through nonformal English learning activities. Although speaking skills are essential for effective communication, many EFL learners have limited opportunities for authentic oral practice in formal classroom settings. This research aims to explore how structured English club activities facilitate students’ speaking performance, engagement, and confidence. Using a qualitative descriptive design, data were collected through direct observations of weekly club meetings and analysis of supporting documentation. The observations focused on student participation, types of speaking activities, facilitator–learner interactions, and the affective environment created during the sessions. The findings reveal three major contributions of the English club: (1) it provides consistent opportunities for authentic and meaningful speaking practice through activities such as role-plays, storytelling, discussions, and impromptu speaking; (2) facilitators play a crucial role in scaffolding learning by offering guidance, modeling target language use, and giving immediate, constructive feedback; and (3) the club fosters a supportive and motivating environment that reduces speaking anxiety and increases students’ confidence and willingness to communicate. Overall, the study concludes that the TBI Millennial English Club serves as an effective supplementary learning space that enhances students’ speaking skills and communicative competence. The implications highlight the importance of integrating nonformal speaking programs into EFL settings and providing facilitator training to maximise learning outcomes.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
- Adem, H., & Berkessa, M. (2022). A case study of EFL teachers’ practice of teaching speaking skills vis-à-vis the principles of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). Cogent Education, 9(1), 2087458. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2087458
- Angraeni, L. (2024). Navigating Barriers to English Proficiency: A Qualitative Descriptive Study Among University Students in Indonesia. 23(2).
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (4 th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
- Ekawati, R. A., & Sarie, R. F. (n.d.). English Club to Develop English Language Skills: A Case Study of An Elementary School in Indonesia.
- Gafur, A. (2012). Desain Pembelajaran: Konsep, Model dan Aplikasi dalam Perencanaan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Ombak.
- Gayatri, P., Sit, H., Chen, S., & Li, H. (2023). Sustainable EFL Blended Education in Indonesia: Practical Recommendations. Sustainability, 15(3), 2254. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032254
- Hijrah, H., & Umar, N. H. (2021). English Meeting Club: Students’ Perception and Their Speaking Skill. Journal of Development Research, 5(2), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.28926/jdr.v5i2.181
- Holandyah, M., Marzulina, L., Erlina, D., Harto, K., Amalia, F., Fridiyanto, F., & Mukminin, A. (2022). Speaking Challenges in a Life Skill Program for Islamic Boarding School Students: A Case Study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(3), 670–677. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1303.23
- Hwang, G.-J., Rahimi, M., & Fathi, J. (2024). Enhancing EFL learners’ speaking skills, foreign language enjoyment, and language-specific grit utilising the affordances of a MALL app: A microgenetic perspective. Computers & Education, 214, 105015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105015
- Kashinathan, S., & Abdul Aziz, A. (2021). ESL Learners’ Challenges in Speaking English in Malaysian Classroom. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(2), Pages 983-991. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v10-i2/10355
- Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. http://academic.regis.edu/ed205/Kolb.pdf
- Kornbluh, M. (2023). Facilitation strategies for conducting focus groups attending to issues of power. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 20(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2022.2066036
- Kusuma, I. P. I. (n.d.). Speaking Issues Faced by Indonesian Students during Classroom Discussions in the US.
- Long, M. H. (1996). The Role of the Linguistic Environment in Second Language Acquisition. In Handbook of Second Language Acquisition (pp. 413–468). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012589042-7/50015-3
- Maming, K., Sianna, Hasman, Maria Elaine A Cabuso, & Eka Sasmita. (2024). Existence of English Meeting Club in Supporting the English-Speaking Skill of University Students: Their Constructive Voices. Eduvelop: Journal of English Education and Development, 7(2), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v7i2.3656
- Mattarima, S. M. U., Afifi, N., & Qamaria, R. S. (2022). ENGLISH STUDY CLUB: HOW STUDENTS’ MENTAL ATTRIBUTES REFLECT THEIR MOTIVATION. Celtic : A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 9(1), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v9i1.18975
- Miles, M.B, Huberman, A.M, & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Aanlysis, A Methods Sourcebook, Edition 3 USA: Sage Publication. Terjemahan Tjetjep Rohindi Rohidi, UI-Press.
- Puspitasari, M. (2025). Navigating classroom challenges and curriculum changes: A qualitative study of an English Teacher’s journey in the Indonesian education system. Power and Education, 17(3), 364–379. https://doi.org/10.1177/17577438241275799
- Qasemi, A. S. (2020). Factors affecting students’ speaking performance in English department of Jawzjan University. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 3(4), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v3i4.46
- Rachmania, A., Anshori, H., Putri, M. K., & Nanda, O. C. (2022). ENGLISH CLUB IN UNIVERSITY: EXPLORING ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
- Rao, P. S. (2019). The importance of speaking skills in English classrooms. Alford Council of International English & Literature Journal (ACIELJ), 2(2), 6-18.
- Riyadini, M. V. (2022). English Foreign Language Students’ Perceptions of an Online English Speaking Club in Higher Education: 5th International Conference on Current Issues in Education (ICCIE 2021), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220129.036
- Rose, H., McKinley, J., & Galloway, N. (2021). Global Englishes and language teaching: A review of pedagogical research. Language Teaching, 54(2), 157–189. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444820000518
- Roshid, M. M., & Kankaanranta, A. (2025). English Communication Skills in International Business: Industry Expectations Versus University Preparation. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 88(1), 100–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294906231184814
- Syahfutra, W., Afrezah, N. N., Muthmainnah, I., Hayati, Nadira, P., Aufa, R., & Fitri, M. (2025). Analysis of the Effect of English Club Activities on Student’s Grammar Ability. Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i1.295
- Ur, P. (1996). A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. Cambridge University Press.
- Victoria, M., Xu, F. H., & Pilcher, N. (2025). English as a Lingua Franca: Intercultural interaction in the context of Asian ‘third space.’ Asian Englishes, 27(1), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2024.2405278
- Wahyuningsih, S., & Maisyanah, M. (2021). Exploring English Speaking Problems in Higher Education: Pre-Service English Teachers’ Perspectives. Journal of English Teaching and Learning Issues, 4(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.21043/jetli.v4i1.10786